Art of uniting metals.



PATENTED MAY 9, 1905.

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Inventors Wilson I1. Fenn,

John W Uonwa W. L. PENN & J. W. CONWAY.

ART OF UNITING METALS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 6, 1904..

VVzltness es:

Miran Srarns Patented May 9, 1905.

PATENT Orricn.

"WILSON L. FENN AND JOHN l/V. CONWVAY, OF HARTITFORD, CONNECTICUT; SAIDCONTVAY ASSIGNOR TO SAID FENN.

ART CF UNlTlNG METALS SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.789,530, dated May 9, 1905.

Application filed September 6, 1904. Serial No. 223,844.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, i/VILSON L. Fans and JOHN W. CONWAY, citizens ofthe United States, and residents of Hartford, in the county of Hartfordand State of Connecticut,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of UnitingMetals, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactspecification.

ro This invention comprises improvements in the art of fusing togethertwo or more metals, one of which is relatively thin, and particularlywhen the thinner metal fuses at a lower point than the metal with whichit is r 5 united.

This invention is herein shown as applied to the production of cast-ironcylinders for air-cooled gasolene and other engines, the principalobject in this case being to provide these cylinders with relativelythin projecting fins, preferably of sheet-copper, for increasing theheat-radiating surfaceof the cylinder.

Figure 1 is an end View showing in transverse section a fragment of anengine-cylinder having projecting iins of sheet metal fused therein.Fig. 2 is a side view, and Fig. 3 an end View, of a portion of one ofthe fins. Fig. 4: is a sectional end View of a fragment of the mold intowhich the cast-iron is poured and shows some of the sheet-metal iins inposition in the mold.

In making air-cooled cylinders, particularly for automobiles, it isnecessary to secure these fins very firmly into the cylinder on accountof the jarring to which they are subjected, which would otherwise shakethem loose. Hence it is desirable to fuse them into the cylinder ratherthan to hold them in by pinching or other mechanical means. Thediliiculty ordinarily experienced in fusing them in place in theoperation of casting the cylinder arises from the fact that the heat ofthe molten body of the cylinder is high enough and by reason of itsusual bulk holds long enough to melt off the inclosed base of the strip,thus disintegrating and destroying the structure of the base, so thatthe strip if it continues to hold at all does so only by an area equalto its thickness, as though it had been 5 brazed edgewise against theouter surface of the cylinder.

In the present invention the fins or strips are seated in ribs or bosseswhich project from the main body of the casting and are so proportionedas to retain the heat long enough to insure fusion between the castingand the strip without melting off the base of the strip.

In the embodiment shown herein the outer surface of the cylinder 11 isprovided with the longitudinal ribs 12 for receiving the bases of thefins 13. The projecting ribs 12 chill much more quickly than the greatermass of the cylinder-wall 11, and they are so proportioned that theybegin to chill as soon as the fins are properly fused to the rib. Thusthe in retains its original firm structure, thereby insuring a lirmseating in the iron casting. The lins 13 are here shown as be ingdoubled upon themselves and extending 7o lengthwise of the cylinder.WVhen doubled over in this manner, the strips may be afterward separateda little on theircnds, as shown in the fins 15 and 16, thereby largelyincreasing the radiating-surface.

As a further means of insuring the retention of the [ins in place theyare preferably provided with a row of holes let near their folded baseportion, so that the molten iron flows into these holes, as shown inFig. 1, the section in this figure being taken through a line of theseholes. This construction practically rivets the strips inplace. It isobvious that the strips may also be secured in place by means ofindentations or corruga- 5 tions on their surface, into and around whichthe molten metal could flow.

Fig. 4 shows a portion of the mold ready for the casting of thecylinder. (Shown in Fig. 1.) The space 20 is formed to receive 9 thebody of the cylinder-wall, and the projecting ends 21 of the fins 13extend into the recesses 22 formed for the projecting ribs. in practiceit has been found convenient to place the [ins in the pattern before thelatter has been placed in the flask. After that the sand may be rammedinto place and the pattern withdrawn, leaving the fins in properposition, as shown.

It is not necessary that the projections 12 should extend lengthwise ofthe cylinder. They may be annular and extend around the cylinder, thefins in this case being made in the form of washers, with their inneredges seated in the ribs. In many other ways this invention may bemodified to suit various purposes or conditions.

It is considered preferable to seat the fin approximately in the middleof the rib; but this is not essential, since the fin may obviously be ator toward either side of the rib. The proportions of the ribs must besuited to the size and character of the two parts to be fused togetherand to the fusing-points and other relevant characteristics of the metalor metals of which they are respectively made.

e claim as our invention 1. The method of fusingto a casting a piece ofmetal of a lower fusing-point, which consists in molding the castingwith a projecting seat for the fused'in piece extending beyond the mainbody of the casting, and proportioned to hold suflicient metal of thecasting to partially but not wholly melt the fused-in portion of thepiece.

2. The method of fusing thin pieces of metal toa relatively largecasting of a higher fusingpoint, which consists in molding the castingwith projecting seats extending from themain body and contour of thecasting against and around the pieces to be fused thereto, eachprojecting seat being proportioned to receive a volume of the metal ofthe castingsuliicient to partially but not wholly fuse the contactingportions of the thin pieces.

3. The process of fusing into a casting a piece of metal of a lowerfusing-point, which consists in molding the casting with a projectingseat for the fused-in piece extending from themain body and contour ofthe casting, and proportioned to insure the cooling of the seat beforemelting away the fused-in portion of the piece, and placing the piece ofmetal in the mold with a portion thereof extending into the seat-space.

4. The process of casting an engine-cylinder having lieat- 'adiatingfins of a different metal fused therein, which consists in molding thecylinder with cavities to form seat projections extending from the wallof the cylinder, supporting the fins to extend into the said cavities,and then pouring the casting, the seat-cavities being proportioned toreceive a volume of the casting metal sufficient to partially but notwholly fuse the contacting portions of the fins.

5. As a new article of manufacture, a structure comprising a body ofcast metal having fused to ita piece of metal fusing at a lowertemperature than the body metal, that part of the body metal immediatelyin contact with the piece being proportioned to fuse the adjacentportion of the piece without wholly melting it.

6. As a new article of manufacture, a structure comprising a body ofmetal having fused to it in the casting process a piece of metal fusingat a lower temperature than the body metal, the latter being providedwith a seating projection for the piece, proportioned to fuse thesurface of the seated portion of the piece without wholly melting it.

7. A heat-radiating surface formed of a piece of metal fusing at arelatively high temperature, and a plurality of pieces of metal fusingat a relatively low temperature, the two metals being united by castingthe higher-fusion piece about portions of the lower-fusion pieces, theinclosing portions of the higherfusion piece being proportioned topartially, but not wholly fuse the seated portions of the lower-fusionpieces.

8. A heat-radiating surface formed of two pieces of metal fusing atdifferent temperatures and united by casting the higher-fusion pieceabout a portion of the lower-fusion piece, the lower-fusion metal beingseated in a plurality of ribs which extend from the surface of thehigher-fusion metal and are proportioned to fuse the seated portions ofthe lower-fusion metal without wholly melting them.

9. As a new article of manufacture, a structu re comprising a body ofmetal having fused to it a piece of metal fusing at a lower temperaturethan the body metal, that part of the body metal immediately in contactwith the piece being proportioned to fuse the surface of the seatedportion without wholly melting that portion, the seated portion beingprovided with depressions for the molten metal to enter.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILSON L. FENN.

JOHN V. GONW'AY.

Witnesses:

Josnrn MERRITT, J osnPH F. SADLER.

